Pharmaceutical excipients areRefers to all pharmaceutical materials, excluding the main drug, added to the prescription in the design of the preparation to solve the formability, effectiveness, stability, and safety of the preparation.

According to different classification methods, pharmaceutical excipients have different classifications:

(1) Classification by dosage form: divided into excipients used for gas, liquid, semi-solid and solid preparations.

(2) Bypharmaceutical excipientsClassification by chemical structure: divided into acids, bases, salts, alcohols, esters, ethers, cellulose, monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, etc.

(3) Classification by excipient use: can be divided into diluents, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, glidants and anti-caking agents, capsules, coating materials, wetting agents and solubilizers, etc., which is also the most commonly used classification method.

pharmaceutical excipientsThey are the basic materials and important components of preparations, playing a key role in the production of preparations, and directly affecting the safety and effectiveness of drugs. Their functions are as follows:

(1) The shaping effect of pharmaceutical excipients: drugs must be formed into dosage forms through excipients before they can exert their efficacy. According to the different excipients added, drug preparations can be divided into liquid preparations (such as solutions, injections, etc.), solid preparations (such as tablets, capsules, etc.), semi-solid preparations (such as ointments, gels, etc.) and gas preparations (such as aerosols, sprays, etc.).

(2)pharmaceutical excipientsCan affect drug efficacy: the same drug, prepared into different preparations using different excipients, can change its efficacy. For example, if pancreatin is prepared into enteric-coated tablets for oral administration, it can aid in fat digestion; if it is prepared into an injection, it has a significant effect on pleural effusion, thrombophlebitis, and snake bites.

(3) Pharmaceutical excipients can affect drug absorption: excipients are closely related to the absorption rate and amount of drugs. For example, after indomethacin gel matrix microparticles prepared with deacetylated chitosan as the material are filled into capsules, pharmacokinetic studies in vivo show that this method can avoid the peak of blood drug concentration, thus maintaining a stable level for a longer time.